In a large pot, sauté onion and garlic in a splash of water or broth until softened.
Add diced carrots, celery, parsnip, and turnip. Stir well and cook for 5-7 minutes.
Stir in lentils, barley, broth, water, and all seasonings. Bring to a boil.
Reduce heat, cover, and let simmer for 45-60 minutes, or until lentils and barley are tender.
Add kale or spinach in the last 5 minutes of cooking if using.
Taste and adjust seasoning with salt, pepper, or soy sauce as needed.
Serve hot with crusty bread for a satisfying meal.